DP2 3-WHEEL COUNTERBALANCED BATTERY FORKLFT TRUCK [CPD-ENGLISH-OPERATING-MANUAL] 2/3
Maintenance
Maintenance summarization
-The fork lift truck needs termly inspection and maintenance, make it in good working condition.
-Inspection and maintenance are usually ignored, you must find the problems and solve it in time.
-Use the orthodoxy spare part of E-P Equipment
-Don't use different oil when changing or adding oil.
-Forbid to repair the fork lift truck if you haven't been trained.
-Don't rave about oil out of date.
-Maintenance on schedule.
-After you make a maintenance, you'd better make a record.
Notice! -No smoking -You should shut off key switch and pull off the plug before service. (except some trouble shooting). -Clean the electric part with compress air, do not with water. -Do not place your hands, feet or any part of body into the gap between the mast and instrument. -The weight of the counterweight is about 900kg. (1.3t/1.5t/1.6t/1.8t/2.0t 3-wheel truck) |
31
Preventive maintenance schedule
O------Check, revise, adjust
X-------Replace
Storage battery
Checking item |
Service required |
Tools |
Daily (8hrs) |
Weekly (50hrs) |
Monthly (200hrs) |
Trimonthly (600hrs) |
Semiannually (1200hrs) |
Storage battery |
Electrolyte level |
Eyeballing |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
Electrolyte proportion |
Densimeter |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
Battery quantity |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
Terminal looseness |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
Looseness of connecting wire |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
cleanness of battery surface |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
If there is tool on the battery. |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
The tightness of air cap |
|
|
o |
|
|
|
|
Far away from firing |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
32
Controller
Checking Item |
Service Required |
tools |
Daily (8hrs) |
Weekly (50hrs) |
Monthly (200hrs) |
Trimonthly (600hrs) |
Semiannually (1200hrs) |
Controller |
Check connector for worn |
|
|
|
|
o |
o |
Check contactor for running |
|
|
|
|
o |
o |
|
Check inching switch for running |
|
|
|
|
o |
o |
|
Check the connection among motor, battery and power unit. |
|
|
|
|
o |
o |
|
Check the controller error diagnose system |
|
|
|
|
|
First time 2 years |
Motor
Checking Item |
Service Require d |
tools |
Daily (8hrs)
|
Weekly (50hrs) |
Monthly (200hrs) |
Trimonthly (600hrs) |
Semiannually (1200hrs) |
Motor |
Clean the foreign body on the motor |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
Clean or replace the bearing |
|
|
|
|
|
o |
|
Check the carbon brush and commuter for worn , if spring is normal |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
If the connection is correct and firm. |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
Brush carbon powder on shift plate and shift device. |
|
|
|
|
o |
o |
33
Driving system
Checking Item |
Service Required |
tools |
Daily (8hrs) |
Weekly (50hrs) |
Monthly (200hrs) |
Trimonthly (600hrs) |
Semiannually (1200hrs) |
Transmission |
Check for noise |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
Check for oil leaks |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
Change oil |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
|
Driving axle (front axle) |
Check wheel hub bearing for looseness, noise |
|
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
Clean and replace grease |
|
|
|
|
x |
x |
|
Check the axle body |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
Check bolts which is connected to the truck body for looseness |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
Check wheel hub bolts for tighten torque |
Torque wrench |
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
Wheel (front, Rear Wheels)
Checking Item |
Service Required |
tools |
Daily (8hrs) |
Weekly (50hrs) |
Monthly (200hrs) |
Trimonthly (600hrs) |
Semiannually (1200hrs) |
Tyre |
Check for abrasion, cracks or damage |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
Check for spikes, stones or foreign matter |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
Check the wheel hub for damage |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
Check the split body wheel hub-bolts for looseness |
Test hammer |
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
34
Steering System
Checking Item |
Service Required |
tools |
Daily (8hrs) |
Weekly (50hrs) |
Monthly (200hrs) |
Trimonthly (600hrs) |
Semiannually (1200Hrs) |
Steering wheel |
Check for peripheral play |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
Check for vertical looseness |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
Check for sideways looseness |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
Check for proper operation |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
Steering Gear box and valve |
Check mounting bolts for looseness |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
Steering axle |
Check king pins for looseness or damage |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
Check for deflection, deformation, cracks or damage |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
Check for mounting condition |
Test hammer |
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
Steering cylinder |
Check for operation |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
Check for oil leaks |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
Check for mounting parts and joints for looseness |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
Check sensor wire connection |
|
|
|
|
o |
o |
35
Checking Item |
Service Required |
tools |
Daily (8hrs) |
Weekly (50Hrs) |
Monthly (200hrs) |
Trimonthly (600hrs) |
Semiannually (1200hrs) |
Brake pedal |
Check for free travel |
Scale |
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
Check for pedal travel |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
Check for proper operation |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
Check for air mixed in brake piping |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
Parking brake |
Check for lever is securely locked and has sufficient lever stoke |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
Check for proper operation |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
Rod, Cable, ect. |
Check for operation |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
Check connections for looseness |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
Hoses and Pipes |
Check for damage, leakage or collapse |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
Check for loose connection or clamping parts |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
Brake Master Cylinder, Wheel Cylinder |
Check for fluid leaks |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
Check for fluid level, Change brake fluid |
|
o |
o |
o |
|
x |
|
Check master cylinder and wheel cylinder for proper operation |
|
|
|
|
|
o |
|
Check master cylinder and wheel cylinders for fluid leaks or damage |
|
|
|
|
|
o |
|
Check master cylinder piston cup, and check valve for wear or damage change |
|
|
|
|
|
x |
36
Hydraulic system
Checking Item |
Service Required |
tools |
Daily (8hrs) |
Weekly (50Hrs) |
Monthly (200hrs) |
Trimonthly (600hrs) |
Semiannually (1200hrs) |
Hydraulic reservoir |
Check for oil level, Change oil |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
x |
Clean suction strainer |
|
|
|
|
|
o |
|
Drain for foreign matter |
|
|
|
|
|
o |
|
Control lever |
Check levers for looseness at link |
|
o |
|
|
|
o |
Check for proper operation |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
Control valve |
Check for oil leaks |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
Check relief valve and tilt lock valve for proper operation |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
Measure relief pressure |
Oil press gauge |
|
|
|
|
o |
|
Hose, Piping Hose Reel & Swivel Joint |
Check for oil leaks, looseness, collapse, deformation and damage |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
Replace hoses. |
|
|
|
|
|
X |
|
Hydraulic Pump |
Check hydraulic pump for oil leaks or noise |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
Check pump drive gear for wear |
|
|
x |
o |
o |
o |
37
Lifting system
Checking Item |
Service Required |
tools |
Daily (8hrs) |
Weekly (50Hrs) |
Monthly (200hrs) |
Trimonthly (600hrs) |
Semiannually (1200hrs) |
Chains & sheave |
Check chain for tension, damage or rust |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
Lubrication of chain |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
Check connection of chain anchor pin and chain for looseness |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
Check sheaves for deformation or damage |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
Check sheaves bearings for looseness |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
Optional Attachment |
Perform general inspection |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
Lifting cylinder |
Check piston rod, rod screw and connection for looseness deformation or damage |
Test hammer |
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
Check cylinders for proper operation |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
Check for oil leaks |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
Check pin and cylinder bushing for wear or damage |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
Fork |
Check forks for damage, deformation or wear |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
Check for stopper pins for damage or wear |
|
|
|
|
o |
o |
|
Check fork base and hook welding for defective cracks or wear |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
Mast & lift Bracket |
Check cross members on outer and inner masts for defective weld, cracks or damage |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
Check tilt cylinder bracket and mast for defective weld, cracks or damage |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
Check outer and inner masts for defective weld, crack or damage |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
Check for defective weld, cracks or damage of lift bracket |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
38
|
Check roller bearing for looseness |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
|
Check mast support bushing for wear or damage |
|
|
|
|
|
o |
|
Check mast support cap bolts for looseness |
|
|
|
O (for 1st time only) |
|
o |
|
Check lift cylinder tall bolts, piston rod head bolts, U-bolts and piston head guide bolts for looseness |
Test hammer |
|
|
O |
|
o |
|
Check rollers, roller pins and welded parts for cracks or damages |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
Additional
Checking Item |
Service Required |
tools |
Daily (8hrs) |
Weekly (50Hrs) |
Monthly (200hrs) |
Trimonthly (600hrs) |
Semiannually (1200hrs) |
Overhead Guard & Load Backrest |
Check for tight installation |
Test hammer |
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
Check for deformation, cracks or damage |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
|
Turn signal |
Check for proper operation and tight installation |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
Horn |
Check for proper operation and tight installation |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
Light & lamps |
Check for proper operation and tight installation |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
Buck-up Buzzer |
Check for proper operation and tight installation |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
Meters |
Check meters for proper operation |
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
o |
Wire |
Wire damage or looseness |
|
|
o |
o |
o |
o |
Looseness of Electric circuit Joint |
|
|
|
o |
o |
o |
39
Replace the key safe parts termly
-Some parts should be checked termly to detect the damage, for improving the safety more, users should replace the parts termly which is listed in the table as follows.
If the parts is abnormal before the replacing time is coming, it should be replaced immediately.
Key safe part’s description |
Term of using (year) |
Brake hose or tube |
1~2 |
Hydraulic hose for lifting system |
1~2 |
Lifting chain |
2~4 |
High-pressure hose, hose for hydraulic system |
2 |
Brake oil cup |
2~4 |
Brake master cylinder, brake slave cylinder cover and dust sleeves |
1 |
Inner hermetic, rubber matter |
2 |
Table for bolt's tight torque
Unit N-m
Bolt’s diameter |
Grade |
|||
4.6 |
5.6 |
6.6 |
8.8 |
|
6 |
4~5 |
5~7 |
6~8 |
9~12 |
8 |
10~12 |
12~15 |
14~18 |
22~29 |
10 |
20~25 |
25~31 |
29~39 |
44~58 |
12 |
35~44 |
44~54 |
49~64 |
76~107 |
14 |
54~69 |
69~88 |
83~98 |
121~162 |
16 |
88~108 |
108~137 |
127~157 |
189~252 |
18 |
118~147 |
147~186 |
176~216 |
260~347 |
20 |
167~206 |
206~265 |
245~314 |
369~492 |
22 |
225~284 |
284~343 |
342~431 |
502~669 |
24 |
294~370 |
370~441 |
441~539 |
638~850 |
17 |
441~519 |
539~686 |
637~784 |
933~1244 |
Note: -Use entirely 8.8 grade bolt in the important joint position.
-Bolt's grade can be found in the head of the table, if it can't be found, the grade is 8.8
40
Table for used oil in the truck
Name |
Trademark, code name |
Capacity (L) |
Notice |
Hydraulic oil |
L----HM32 |
22-25 |
1.3-1.6t |
25-30 |
1.8t, 2t |
||
Gear oil |
ATF DEXRON II |
0.8 |
|
Brake Fluid |
TCL DOT 3 |
1.5 |
|
Industrial Vaseline |
2# |
|
Electrode of storage |
Lubrication grease |
ZG2# or 3# |
|
|
41
Truck's convey, lifting, towing
![]() Deposit the truck for a long time |
Towing
![]()
|
42
3-Wheel battery forklift specification
Speciction |
NO |
Manufacture |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
Model |
|
|
CPD1.3TV |
CDP1.5TV |
CPD1.6TV |
CPD1.8TV |
CPD2.0TV |
|
2 |
Rated capacity |
|
kg |
1300 |
1500 |
1600 |
1800 |
2000 |
|
3 |
Load center |
|
mm |
500 |
500 |
500 |
500 |
500 |
|
4 |
Lifting height |
|
mm |
3000 |
3000 |
3000 |
3000 |
3000 |
|
5 |
Free lifting height |
|
mm |
120 |
120 |
120 |
120 |
120 |
|
6 |
Fork size |
s×e×l |
mm |
40x100x920 |
40x100x920 |
40x100x920 |
40x100x920 |
40x100x920 |
|
Dimension |
7 |
Tilting angle |
F/R |
Deg |
6/6.5 |
6/6.5 |
6/6.5 |
6/6.5 |
6/6.5 |
8 |
|
Length to face of fork |
mm |
1830 |
1830 |
1930 |
1995 |
2040 |
|
9 |
Overall |
Width |
mm |
1050 |
1050 |
1050 |
1060 |
1050 |
|
10 |
Dimension |
Height when mast lowered |
mm |
1995 |
1995 |
1995 |
2005 |
1995 |
|
11 |
|
Height when mast lifting |
mm |
3945 |
3945 |
3945 |
3945 |
3945 |
|
12 |
|
Height to safeguard |
mm |
2040 |
2040 |
2040 |
2040 |
2040 |
|
13 |
|
Height seat |
mm |
855 |
855 |
855 |
855 |
855 |
|
14 |
Turning radius |
Min |
mm |
1445 |
1445 |
1445 |
1445 |
1445 |
|
15 |
Overhand |
Front |
mm |
375 |
375 |
375 |
375 |
375 |
|
16/17 |
16/17 Thread (Front/Rear) |
|
mm |
902/175 |
902/175 |
902/175 |
902/175 |
902/175 |
|
18 |
Ground clearance |
Min |
mm |
95 |
95 |
95 |
100 |
95 |
|
19 |
Wheelbase |
|
mm |
1258 |
1258 |
1258 |
1258 |
1468 |
|
20 |
Fork spread |
Min/max |
mm |
200/1000 |
200/1000 |
200/1000 |
200/1000 |
200/1000 |
|
21 |
Working aisle width with |
1000×1200 crossway |
mm |
3166 |
3166 |
3276 |
|
3385 |
|
22 |
Pallet (Ast) |
800×1200 lengthways |
mm |
3265 |
3265 |
3370 |
|
3485 |
|
Performance |
23 |
|
Travel (Laden) |
km/h |
13 |
13 |
13 |
13 |
13 |
24 |
|
Travel (Unladen) |
km/h |
14 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
14 |
|
25 |
Speed |
Lifting (Laden) |
mm/s |
300 |
290 |
280 |
280 |
260 |
|
26 |
|
Lifting (Unladen) |
mm/s |
430 |
430 |
430 |
430 |
430 |
43
|
27 |
|
Lowing (Laden) |
mm/s |
440 |
440 |
440 |
440 |
440 |
28 |
|
Lowing (Unladen) |
mm/s |
435 |
435 |
435 |
435 |
435 |
|
29 |
Gradeability |
Laden |
% |
10.5 |
10.5 |
10.5 |
10.5 |
10.5 |
|
30 |
|
Unladen |
% |
14.5 |
14.5 |
14.5 |
14.5 |
14.5 |
|
31 |
Max . Draw bar pull |
Laden (S25min) |
N |
10000 |
10000 |
10000 |
10000 |
10000 |
|
32 |
Service |
Include battery box |
kg |
2860 |
3050 |
3100 |
3250 |
3430 |
|
33 |
Axle Loading |
Laden |
kg |
|
|
|
|
|
|
34 |
(Front/Rear) |
Unladen |
kg |
|
|
|
|
|
|
35 |
Tyre |
Front×2 |
|
18X7-8 |
18X7-8 |
18X7-8 |
18X7-8 solid cushion |
18X7-8 |
|
36 |
|
Rear×2 |
|
15X4.5-8 |
15X4.5-8 |
15X4.5-8 |
15X4.5-8 solid cushion |
15X4.5-8 |
|
37 |
Motor |
Driven motor×2 |
kw |
9.0
|
9.0
|
9.0
|
9.0
|
9.0
|
|
38 |
|
Pump motor |
kw |
11
|
11
|
11
|
11
|
11
|
|
39 |
Battery |
standard |
V/AH |
48/400 |
48/400 |
48/600 |
600 |
48/600 |
|
40 |
Battery weight include box (STD Battery) |
|
|
|
|
|
875 |
|
|
Driven |
41 |
Controller |
Type |
|
AC |
AC |
AC |
AC |
AC |
42 |
|
Manufacturer |
|
ZAPI |
ZAPI |
ZAPI |
ZAPI |
ZAPI |
|
43 |
Operating pressure for attachment |
|
Mpa |
14.5 |
14.5 |
14.5 |
14.5 |
14.5 |
|
44 |
Noise level |
dB(A) |
|
68 |
68 |
70 |
70 |
74 |
44

45
Part Two
Drive system
3 wheel counter balanced battery forklift truck adapt structure of front two motor driven, each separated excited driven motor rated capacity is 6kW. Each motor's rotating speed is controlled by the rear wheel rotating angle. Each side motor connects to ZF made GP21 model reduction gear box, wet disk brake system, solid tire and rim such ect.
GP21 reduction gear box is two grades reduce speed gear, one grade straight gear and one grade planet gear. So the gear box is very small.
Wet disk brake do not need for maintenance on schedule.
Trouble |
Probably cause |
Method of troubleshooting |
Too much noise when traveling or change direction |
Gear clearance is too big. |
Adjust. Replace. |
Too much noise when traveling |
Oil level is low. |
Add oil. Replace.. |
1.1 GP21 reduction gear box
1.1.1 Data
Specification
Item |
Parameter |
|
Service weight (without oil) kg |
31 |
|
Oil volume |
0.35 |
|
Oil type |
ATF DEXRON II |
|
Foot brake |
Brake fluid |
TCLr |
Oil pressure |
60-80 bar |
|
Normal pressure (continuous working) |
80 bar |
|
Max. pressure |
100 bar |
|
|
Normal fluid volume in brake booster |
1.71 cm3 |
Max worn fluid volume in brake booster |
3.71 cm 3 |
|
Hand brake |
Hand brake pull force |
100N |
Clearance |
6mm |
|
Max worn limit clearance |
13mm |
46
1.1.2 Structure of reduction gear box

47

There are 3 holes on the brake booster of reduction gear box.
1. Air bleed plug. After add brake fluid, please loose the air bleed plug to let the air out of brake oil tube, and then tighten the plug.
2. The parking brake line connects to the head of booster. The maximum worn limit is 13mm, if exceed this limit, please replace a new one.
More details please refer to the << GP21 repair manual>> by ZF.
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1.Steering system
Steering system include rear steering axle and steering device.
1.1 Steering device
It consists of steering wheel , upside steering column, clamp bolt, gimbal, downside steering axle, bearings and steering gear ect. You can adjust the steering angle forward and backward by yourself. Refer to fig 2-2.
1.Steering wheel nut |
2. Steering wheel |
3. Bearing |
4. Snap ring |
5. Upside steering column |
6. Snap ring |
7. Washer |
8. Clamp bolt |
9. Gimbal |
10. Down side steering axle |
11. Down side steering Column |
12. Bolt |
13. Washer |
14. Steering gear |
15. screw |
16. Bearing |
17. Snap ring |
|
|
|
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1.2 Steering axle
The steering axle is import from Italy. Structure please refer to fig 2-3.
More details please refer to spare part lists.
Fig. 2-3 Rear Steering Axle
1. Shaft |
2. Support |
3. Nut |
4. Screw |
5. Washer |
6. Ring nut |
7. Washer |
8. Cover |
9. seal |
10. Bearing |
11. Rack |
12. Seal |
13. Guide |
14. Seal |
15. Cylinder |
16. Seal |
17. Head |
18. Head body |
19 Bearing |
20. Seal |
21. Shaft block |
22. Shaft |
23. Pin |
24. Washer |
25. Seal |
26. Bearing |
27. Hub |
28. Bearing |
29 Washer |
30. Cotter pin |
31. Nut |
32. Cover |
33. Plug |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Trouble Diagnostic:
Condition |
Probable cause |
Corrective action |
Leaking in steering device |
1. Oil leaking occurs between sections |
Tighten nuts or replace seals |
2. Damage of seal in shift necking |
Replace |
|
3.Damage of seal in safety valve |
Replace |
|
4. Not flat of shim in limiting position bolt |
Grinding shim or replace it |
|
High effort for steering of failure to rotate steering wheel |
1. Not enough oil supported by pump |
Adjust control valve |
2. Air enters in the line of steering gear |
Bleed the air |
|
3. Not enough oil in tank |
Fill oil |
|
4.Too low pressure setting of the relief valve in the dividing valve or blocking in valve |
Adjust pressure or clear dirt |
|
5. Too high viscosity oil |
Replace wrong oil |
|
6. The steering fails to return to its natural position due to breakage of locking spring or insufficient spring pressure |
Replace wrong spring |
|
7. Break or deform of swivel pin |
Replace it |
|
8. Break or deform of coupling |
Replace coupling |
|
9.Wrong in spring or safety valve |
Replace spring |
|
10. Too much internal leakage in the steering cylinder |
Replace seal or cylinder |
|
11. Deform of steering axle |
Repair it |
|
Free play in hand wheel and wobble in wheels |
1. Damage of bearing fitted in swivel pin |
Replace bearing |
2. Two much clearance in rim bearing |
Adjust |
|
3. Too much clearance between steering rotator and stator and descend of volume efficiency |
Replace rotator or stator |
|
Front left and right wheel does not match to rear wheel |
Controller parameter is not correct |
Adjust |
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Brake system
1.3 Master cylinder
The master cylinder contains a valve seat. check valve, return spring, primary cup, piston and secondary cup, which are kept in place with stop washer and stop wire. The exterior of the cylinder is protected from dust by means of rubber dust cover. The piston is actuated through the push rod by operation of the brake pedal. First, as the brake pedal, the push rod pushes the piston forwards. The brake fluid in the cylinder flows back to the reserve tank through the return port until the primary cup blocks up the return port. After the primary cup passes the return port, the brake fluid in the cylinder is pressurized and opens the check valve flowing through the brake lines to the wheel cylinder. Thus, each wheel cylinder piston is forced outwards. This brings the brake shoes into contact with the wheel drum and slows or stops the lift truck. Meanwhile, the cavity caused behind the piston is filled with brake fluid led through the return port and inlet port to lubricate the piston. When the brake pedal is released, the piston is forced back by the return spring. At the same time, the brake fluid in each wheel cylinder is pressurized by the force of the brake shoe return spring, thus returning into the master through the check valve. With the piston in its original position, the fluid in the cylinder flows into the reserve tank though the return port. The brake fluid in the brake lines and wheel cylinders has a residual pressure proportioned to the set pressure of the check valve, which makes each wheel cylinder piston cup securely seated to prevent oil leakage and eliminates of vapor lock developing when the lift truck is sharply broken.
Fig. 3-1 Master cylinder
1. Lock nut |
2. Rod |
3. Duct cover |
4. Stop wire |
5. Stop washer |
6. secondary cup |
7. Piston |
8. Primary cup |
9. Spring |
10. Check valve |
11. Valve seat |
12. Cylinder body |
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2. Hydraulic system
The high pressure oil from main pump goes to control valve, then goes to lifting cylinder or tilting cylinder. When lifting and tilting spool is in neutral, the lifting pump is out off work. When pulling lifting spool, high pressure oil goes to the bottom of lifting cylinder piston and then push piston rod under. When pushing lifting spool, it is that bottom of lifting cylinder piston connects with low pressure line and then piston rod drops by deadweight and weight of cargo. In this time , oil from lifting cylinder goes by unidirectional speed limiting valve so as to control the falling speed, then the lifting pump out off work also. When operating tilting spool, high pressure oil goes to one house of lilting cylinder and another connects with low pressure line so as to make mast tilt forward or backward.
Main pump
Trouble |
Probable cause |
Corrective action |
No oil from oil pump |
Low oil level in tank |
Add oil specified level |
Clogged suction pipe or strainer. |
Clean oil line and tank. If oil is dirty, change |
|
Low discharge pressure on oil pump |
Worn bearing damaged backup ring and O-ring |
Replace faulty parts |
Maladjusted relief valve. |
Readjust to specified pressure using pressure gauge |
|
Air in oil pump |
Retighten suction side pipe. Checks pump oil seal. |
|
Noisy oil pump |
Cavitation due to too high crushed suction hose or clogged strainer |
Adjust or replace crushed hose and clean strainer. |
Air being sucked from loose suction side joint. |
Retighten each joint. |
|
Cavitation due too high oil viscosity |
-replace with new oil having proper viscosity for temperature at which pump is to be operate. |
|
Oil leaking from oil pump |
Bubbles in hydraulic oil. |
Determine cause of bubbles and remedy. |
Faulty oil seal on pump, faulty O-ring or worn sliding surface on pump. |
Replace faulty parts. |
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Control valve
Trouble |
Probable cause |
Corrective action |
Pressure of relief valve is not steady or too low. |
Loose of pressure-adjust screw. |
Readjusted and retighten |
Distorted or damaged pressure-adjust spring. |
Replace |
|
Worn or blocked relief valve core. |
Replace or clean. |
|
Pump abated |
Examine and repair pump. |
|
Fork tilt forward when control lever is used while engine is off. |
Worn or damaged tilt lock valve. |
Replace valve core and tilt lock valve as an assemble. |
Broken tilting lock spring. |
Replace spring. |
|
Damaged tilt valve plunger O-ring |
Replace o-ring |
|
Mast is unstable when tilting forward. |
Malfunctioning tilt relief valve |
Replace tilt valve assembly. |
Lowering distance of mast is big when spool valve is in the center |
Valve body and spool valve is worn and clearance between them is too great. |
Replace spool valve with specified clearance. |
Spool valve is not in center |
Keep being in the center |
|
Cylinder seal abated |
Examine and repair cylinder |
|
Taper valve is worn or blocked by dirt. |
Replace or clean taper valve |
|
Spool valve is not return neutral position. |
Damaged or distorted reposition-spring. |
Replace spring |
Dirt exist between valve body and spool valve. |
Clean |
|
Blocked control device. |
Adjusted |
|
Not coaxial parts at reposition |
Reinstall, be coaxial |
55
Trouble |
Probable cause |
Corrective action |
Leakage |
Damaged O-ring |
Replace |
Faulty seal of joint. |
Check and retighten. |
|
Loose seal plate. |
Clean seal plate and retighten blots |
|
Loosed lock-nut of relief valve and connect-nut between plate and plate.
|
Tighten |
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Adjusting the pressure of the main relieve valve
The pressure of the main relieve valve is all ready adjusted in the factory, and it can't be adjusted generally. The following is an example of 1.6t truck to specify how to adjust the pressure.
(1). Put 125 percent of the rated load (2000kg) on the forklift stable.
(2). Step the accelerated pedal to the end. control the lift pole, if the forklift can get the height of 300mm, the main relieve valve is all right. Otherwise, adjust it as step (3).
(3). If the forklift can't work, enhance the pressure main relieve valve, remove the front soleplate, loosen the tightening nut of the main relieve valve. If the height of lift is higher than 300mm, screw the adjust nut anti-clockwise to reduce the pressure.
(4). Step the accelerated pedal to the end to make the forklift in the height range of 0-300mm. Otherwise, adjust it as step (3).
(5). Retighten the tightening nut, Fix it on the front soleplate.
Warning! -The load should be put stably. -Don't adjust if the pressure is already adjusted correctly. |
57
Lifting system
Condition |
Probable cause |
Corrective action |
Fork arm carrier or mast tilt by itself. |
1. Tilt cylinder and ring abraded excessively |
Replace piston ring tilt cylinder. |
2. The hydraulic control valve spring is inoperative |
Replace it. |
|
The fork arms carrier moves up and down sluggishly |
1. Caused by piston jamming or bent piston rod. |
Replace the faulty parts. |
2. Too much dirt is accumulated in the cylinder. |
Strip it down and clean. |
|
Fork are lifted or lowered unsmooth |
1. Carriage bracket assembly out of adjustment. |
Adjust clearance with thrust metal and carriage side roller |
2. Insufficient clearance between inner and outer masts or roller and mast. |
Adjust clearance with rollers. |
|
3. Biting foreign materials between moving parts. |
Remove foreign materials. |
|
4. Insufficient lubrication. |
Apply grease on contact surface of sliding parts. (butter) |
|
5. Bent carriage bracket assembly |
Repair or replace. |
|
Forks are lifted unevenly |
1. Lift chains out of adjustable |
Adjust lift chains. |
Lift roller does not rotate |
1. Grease stiffened or dirt accumulated on lift roller and mast sliding surface |
Clean and lubricate lift rollers |
2. Improperly adjusted lift roller. |
Adjust. |
|
Excessive mast noise |
1. Insufficient lubrication |
Lubricate. |
2. Improperly adjusted lift roller, side roller and back-up metal |
Adjust. |
|
3. Rubber pad on lower of outer mast is useless for container fork lift truck. |
By adjusting shims and rubber pad, piston rod in touch with bottom of cylinder body after inner mast is in touch with rubber pad. |
|
Insufficient lift power or no lift movement |
1. Excessive wear occurs between the oil pump body and gears, causing too much clearance. |
Replace the worn parts or the oil pump
|
2. The lifting jack piston Yx-ring has worn, resulting in excessive inner leaks. |
Replace Yx-ring |
|
3. Spring of the multiple control valve and its relief valve are inoperative oil leaks. |
Replace |
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|
4. Excessive wear occurs of the hydraulic control valve, resulting in excessive oil leaks |
Replace |
5. Oil leaks occur between the hydraulic control valve sections. |
Dismantle for regrinding the joint surfaces and reassemble the valve. |
|
6. Leakage occur in the hydraulic pipe. |
Tighten the joint nuts and inspect the seal damage. |
|
7. The hydraulic oil temperature is too high. Oil viscosity it too low and the rate is insufficient. |
Change the wrong hydraulic oil or stop operation for reducing the oil temperature. Find out the reasons for high oil temperature and eliminate the trouble. |
|
8. The load carried is beyond the designed capacity |
Observe the lifting capacity limit. |
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2.1 Mast
The basic type mast is 3 meters 3 stages mast. The lifting system is composed of inner mast, middle mast and outer mast, fork arm carrier, fork arm, load backrest, chain, roller, lifting jack, and tilt cylinder, ect. Oil line system hydraulic pressure system and it compose fork lift truck work equipment.

Fig. 5-1
1. Outer mast |
2. Middle mast |
3. Inner mast |
4. Lifting chain assy. |
5. Left Lift cylinder |
6. Free lifting cylinder |
7. Tilt cylinder |
8. Right lift cylinder |
9. Fork carriage |
10. Fork assy. |
|
|
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